| Primary tasks |
Anesthesia preparation or disposal |
122 (27.1) |
5.43±5.61 |
| Surgical procedures |
29 (6.4) |
7.72±7.71 |
| Scaling |
42 (9.3) |
5.98±5.26 |
| Handpiece preparation and use |
98 (21.7) |
6.06±5.68 |
| Instrument cleaning or maintenance |
126 (27.9) |
5.56±5.66 |
| Waste management |
34 (7.5) |
7.26±7.33 |
| Causative instrument |
Anesthesia, general syringe |
132 (26.0) |
5.55±5.54 |
| Surgical scalpel, suture needle |
60 (11.8) |
6.43±7.06 |
| Scaler, probe, curette |
165 (32.5) |
5.16±4.84 |
| Powered instruments (drill, bur, file) |
114 (22.4) |
6.21±5.38 |
| Orthodontic wire or metal |
37 (7.3) |
5.46±5.58 |
| Injury site |
Hand |
187 (59.7) |
5.01±5.00 |
| Arm |
48 (15.3) |
6.29±3.94 |
| Thigh or leg |
63 (20.1) |
6.90±5.70 |
| Buttocks or foot |
15 (4.8) |
7.67±6.84 |
| Department |
Comprehensive dental care department |
111 (35.8) |
5.49±4.81 |
| Oral surgery |
47 (15.2) |
6.09±7.55 |
| Periodontology |
37 (11.9) |
7.43±8.23 |
| Prosthodontics |
51 (16.5) |
6.08±6.53 |
| Conservative dentistry |
33 (10.6) |
7.03±8.40 |
| Pediatric dentistry, orthodontics |
31 (10.0) |
5.06±5.87 |
