Journal of Dental Hygiene Science

Table. 2.

Antimicrobial Substances against Oral Pathogens Derived from Marine Organisms

Natural compound	Source	Description	Reference
Fucoidan	Fucus vesiculosus, Cladosiphon okamuranus, Laminaria japonica, and many other brown macroalgal species	∙Long chain sulfated and fucose-rich polysaccharide.	43∼46
		∙Broad pharmacological effects include antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects.
		∙Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Halistanol sulfate	Halichondria moori from marine sponge	∙Inhibition of biofilm formation and reduction of biofilm-associated gene expression in S. mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis.	47, 48
Mayamycin	Streptomyces sp. HB202 bacteria isolated from marine sponge	∙Inhibitory effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.	49
Salinisporamycin	Salinispora sp. marine bacteria from bottom sediments	∙Inhibition of adenocarcinoma cell growth.	50
Salinisporamycin	Salinispora sp. marine bacteria from bottom sediments	∙Antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans.	50
Fridamycin A/D	Streptomyces marine bacteria from bottom sediments	∙Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant S. aureus.	51
Callinectin	Callinectes sapidus from blue crab	∙Antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria.	53
Coumarin	Diverse group of algae, marine fungi,and ascidians	∙Inhibition of biofilm formation of P. gingivalis through reducing AI-2 activity.	54, 55