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Results of the Intervention of Studies
| Author (year) | Duration (frequency) | Participants | Research institute | Study design | Intervention | Meaeurement tools | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lee, 2009 | 3 months (Exercise: about 24 times, management: 3 times, Education: 1 times) <Oral function improvement exercise: twice a week, oral hygiene management: once a month, group oral hygiene education: 1 times> |
Researcher | University of the elderly | NCGPPD | Theoretical education: oral health education (oral health knowledge, teeth brushing method, floss method) Practical training: oral function improvement gymnastics (muscular exercise, tongue muscle exercise, lip muscle exercise, stimulating salivary glands, vocal exercises), teeth brushing training, dental flossing training Expert management: scaling |
Real condition of oral hygiene: O’Leary index Oral examination Repeat deglutition test: RSST Salivary effusion examination: shimmerstrip Pronunciation test: in order of patakara pronunciation Stretching cheeks: whether your left and right cheeks can swell up by closing your lips Amount of opening: electronic ruler Oral health-related quality of life: OHIP-14 |
Clinical indicators (plant residue, coated tongue*, degree of dirty teeth/denture*, dental plaque*, number of repeat deglutition*, amount of saliva*, the amount of opening*, stretching cheeks at the same time**) Self-efficacy (oral health-related quality of life*) |
| Kim et al., 2010 | 3 months (90 times) <Caregivers who have completed training take oral care once a day for 3 months> |
Caregiver | Long-term care hospital | NCGPPD | Practical training: teeth brushing (rotation method, tongue brushing), management of artificial teeth | Dental plaque: O’Leary index Oral examination |
Clinical indicators (dental plaque*, coated tongue*, denture hygiene*) |
| Bok, 2010 | 6 months (NR) | Dentist, dental hygienist | Home care elderly, nursing home, long-term care center | OPPD | Theoretical education: oral health education, teeth brushing training, denture care training, interdental care training, oral counseling, halitosis management, stomatitis management, denture cleaning Practical training: oral mucous membrane massage, oral muscle massage, tongue exercise Expert management: professional teeth brushing, fluoride application |
Coated tongue: divide the entire tongue into 9 parts to determine whether the tongue is attached Salivation rate: KISO WeT Tester Oral environment management ability: PHP Halitosis: BB checker Denture hygiene: the number of schuber’s denture hygiene Oral health care survey |
Clinical indicators (coated tongue**, denture hygiene**) Oral health behavior (number of teeth brushing, number of denture washed, the number of oral supplements increased, oral environment management ability**) |
| Kim, (2012) | 3 months (24 times) <Oral health and oral exercise program education twice a week for 30 minutes> |
Dental hygienist | Long-term care center, long-term care hospital | NCGPPD | Theoretical education: oral health education (the importance of oral health and oral function in the elderly) Practical training: oral exercise program (preparatory exercise, oral opening and closing, tongue exercise, neck exercise, tongue exercise, masticatory strengthen exercise, cheek exercise, vocal exercises, deglutition strengthen exercise, stimulation of saliva exercise, finish exercise) |
Halitosis: mBA-21 Oral Gas Detector Oral microbes: Salivation rate: measurement method of non-stimulating saliva secretion Maximum opening: electronic ruler Oral exchange exercise: in order of patakara pronunciation OHIP-14 |
Clinical indicators (oral microbes*, halitosis*, the amount of opening*, salivation rate*, oral interaction exercise*, restriction of jaw function*, subjective xerostomia score*) Oral health behavior (spontaneous behavior to prepare for xerostomia*) Self-efficacy (oral health-related quality of life*) |
| Kim et al., 2012 | 4 weeks (84 times) <3 times a day for 4 weeks for 10 to 60 minutes> |
Nurse, nursing care worker | Long-term care center | NCGPPD | Expert management: maintain cognitive function, maintain proper intake, maintain sitting posture, suction prevention | Total time for deglutition: electromotive forceps | Clinical indicators (deglutition function*) |
| Lee et al., 2012 | 6 weeks (4 times) <Revisiting 3 times every 2 weeks> <Individual oral gymnastics will be held 3 times a week> |
Researcher | Senior center | NCGPPD | Theoretical education: oral health education, oral hygiene management method education, teeth brushing training Practical training: individual oral exercise (opening and closing exercises, jaw muscle exercise, lip muscle exercise, salivary gland stimulation exercise, vocal exercises) Expert management: denture cleaning, Watanabe brushing teeth |
Oral examination Plaque index: O’Leary index Coated tongue index: divide the entire tongue into 9 parts to determine whether the tongue is attached Repeat function: RSST Salivation rate: KISO WeT Tester The amount of opening: electronic ruler Oral health-related quality of life: OHIP-14 |
Clinical indicators (dental plaque index*, coated tongue*, number of repeat deglutition*, amount of saliva*, amount of opening**) Self-efficacy (oral health-related quality of life*) |
| Cho et al., 2013 | 8 weeks (4 times) | Researcher | General hospital | OPPD | Practical training: interdental brushing (demonstration practice) Expert management: professional teeth brushing (Watanabe brushing teeth) |
Gingival bleeding: GBI Dental plaque adhesion degree: PHP |
Clinical indicators (dental plaque*, gingival bleeding index*) |
| Bang, 2014 | 8 weeks (24 times) <3 times a week for 30 minutes> |
Researcher | Long-term care center | NCGPPD | Practical training: deglutition movement program (exercise: oral exercise, expiratory muscle strength exercise; maneuver: effort deglutition, Mendelsohn maneuver) | Screening test for deglutition disorder: GUSS Deglutition symptom questionnaire: SSQ Tongue pressure: IOPI |
Clinical indicators (screening test for deglutition disorder**, questionnaire score of deglutition symptom*, tongue pressure*) |
| Kim et al., 2015 | 7 weeks (3 times) <Theory and practical training once every two weeks, last week-evaluation> |
Investigator, guardian | Senior center | NCGPPD | Theoretical education: oral disease, xerostomia Practical training: teeth brushing (correct teeth brushing), management of artificial teeth (denture care demonstration practice), oral exercise (simple oral exercise, active oral exercise) |
Dental health behaviors: OHB index Gingivitis index: GI Dental plaque: QHI Educational tool: Qscan |
Clinical indicators (dental plaque*, gingivitis index*) Oral health behavior (dental health behaviors*) |
| Park, 2015 | 5 weeks (5 times) <Once a week> <Do oral exercise 5 times a day> |
Professional instructor | Senior center | OPPD | Practical training: oral exercise program (a e i o u training, racukapacha training, facial muscle training, healthy breathing training, stimulating salivary glands, tongue muscle training, tongue stick training) | The amount of opening: electronic ruler Effect of improving pronunciation skills: in order of racukapacha pronunciation |
Clinical indicators (maximum opening*, racukapacha pronunciation speed*) |
| Kim, 2016 | 2 months (8 times) <Twice a week for 2 months> |
Dental hygienist | Long-term care center | NCGPPD | Theoretical education: training before the program (the importance of oral health and oral function, types of oral function improvement exercises) Practical training: oral exercise (preparatory exercise, oral opening and closing, tongue stretching, cheek exercise, neck stretching, tongue exercise, masticatory exercise, vocal exercises, deglutition exercise, finish exercise) |
Oral wettability: oral water meter Mouth muscle strength: retremeter Occlusal strength: oak zalposme Deglutition strength: RSST |
Clinical indicators (oral wettability**, mouth muscle strength**, deglutition strength**, occlusal strength**) |
| Lee et al., 2016 | 12 weeks (6 times,12 times) <Expert hygiene management: ability to carry out daily life less than 75 points-twice a week, 75 points or higher-once a week; Education: 2 times> |
Nursing care worker, dental hygienist | Long-term care center | NCGPPD | Theoretical education: the importance of oral care, elderly oral problems Practical training: brushing teeth method (rotation method, Bass, method, composite method, tongue cleaning), directions for using oral supplements, Watanabe brushing teeth, teeth brushing, mouth muscle massage, salivary massage, oral health education, oral supplements |
Dental plaque: O’Leary index Halitosis: refres halitosis measuring instrument Coated tongue: winkel tongue coating index Salivation rate: swap method |
Clinical indicators (dental plaque*, halitosis**, coated tongue**, salivation rate*) |
| Lee et al., 2016 | 3 weeks (self: 3 times, expert: 9 times) <Self: once a week; Expert: third a week> |
Self: researcher Expert: expert |
University of the elderly, community welfare center | NCGPPD | Theoretical education: oral muscle training Expert management: oral muscle training (oral exercise: oral muscles and tongue stimulation+mouth muscle massage: mouth muscle relaxation, stimulation of saliva) |
Salivation rate: spitting method Subjective xerostomia score: interview survey |
Clinical indicators (self–c expert–salivation rate**, subjective xerostomia score**) |
| Jang et al,, 2016 | 6 weeks (3 times) <Once every two weeks for 30 minutes> |
Researcher | Community welfare center | NCGPPD | Theoretical education: the importance of managing artificial teeth, caution when using dentures Practical training: management of artificial teeth(demonstration practice) |
Satisfaction with dentures, oral health-related characteristic: interview survey Oral health-related quality of life: OHIP-14 |
Clinical indicators (halitosis degree score*, dryness in my mouth*) Oral health behavior (number of denture washed*, subjective oral health status*) Oral health recognition (interest in oral health*) Self-efficacy (satisfaction with dentures*, oral health-related quality of life*) |
| Hong et al., 2016 | 6 weeks (12 times) <Twice a week for 30 minutes> |
Researcher | Long-term care center | RCGPPD | Practical training: teeth brushing education using recall therapy, teeth brushing education using word completion, teeth brushing education using visual ignition, teeth brushing education using auditory ignition | Oral health behavior: survey Dental plaque: PHP Gingival bleeding: GBI |
Clinical indicators (dental plaque*, gingival bleeding index*) Oral health behavior (subjective health status score*, teeth brushing effort degree*) |
| Jang, 2017 | 4 weeks (8 times) <Twice a week> |
Experimental group 1: dental hygienist Experimental group 2: nursing care worker |
Long-term care center | NCGPPD | Theoretical education: oral function improvement gymnastics (oral exercise), oral environment management method (Watanabe brushing teeth), tongue cleaning, denture cleaning and management method | Oral wettability: oral water meter The amount of opening: electronic ruler The amount of opening: retremeter Deglutition strength: RSST Oral environment evaluation: mBA-21 Oral Gas Detector |
Clinical indicators (Experimental group 1: oral wettability |
| Han, 2017 | 4 weeks (4 times) <Once a week> |
Researcher | Long-term home care hospital | OPPD | Theoretical education: systemic disease for the elderly, correct teeth brushing. management of artificial teeth, directions for using oral supplements, oral exercise, gingiva massage | Comparison of the number of remaining teeth: oral examination Coated tongue: divide the entire tongue into 9 parts to determine whether the tongue is attached Xerostomia, halitosis subjective symptom test, self-oral management status survey: interview survey Oral microbes: sabouraud dextrose agar culture medium |
Clinical indicators (coated tongue |
| Kim et al., 2018 | 4 weeks (4 times) <Once a week for 60 minutes> |
Researcher, assistant | Senior welfare center, senior center | NCGPPD | Theoretical education: oral structure, oral function, xerostomia, nutrition care Practical training: teeth brushing (correct teeth brushing demonstration practice), oral supplements (Interdental brush, dental floss demonstration practice), oral exercise (demonstration practice), salivary massage (demonstration practice), mouth wash (demonstration practice) |
Xerostomia, salivary effusion: measurement of saliva secretion using Oral health-related quality of life: OHIP-14 |
Clinical indicators (xerostomia Self-efficacy (oral health-related quality of life |
| Moon, 2018 | 8 weeks (16 times) <Twice a week> |
Researcher | Long-term care center | NCGPPD | Theoretical education: oral health education Practical training: teeth brushing, salivary massage |
Dental plaque: O’Leary index Oral wettability: oral water meter Halitosis: mBA-21 Oral Gas Detector |
Clinical indicators (dental plaque |
| Oh, 2018 | 4 weeks (4 times) <Once a week> |
Researcher | Senior center, University of the elderly | NCGPPD | Theoretical education: oral health education (necessity of oral health care for the elderly, the importance of oral health Practical training: oral exercise (oral opening and closing exercise, lip muscle exercise, vocal exercises, tongue exercise, cheek exercise, neck exercise), salivary massage (stimulating parotid gland, stretching parotid gland lower muscles, stimulating sublingual gland, stimulating the root of the tongue) |
Salivary effusion and PH: saliva-check BUFFER | Clinical indicators (salivary effusion and PH |
| Im, 2020 | 4 weeks (12 times) <3 times a week for 20 minutes> |
Researcher | Long-term care hospital | NCGPPD | Theoretical education: the necessity of oral care and introduction education Practical training: teeth brushing training (rotation method), denture care training, oral exercise (watch and follow the video) |
Xerostomia: interview survey Halitosis: Tanita Oral health-related quality of life: OHIP-14 |
Cinical indicators (oral health Self-efficacy (oral health-related quality of life |
NCGPPD: non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design, OPPD: one group pretest-posttest design, RCGPPD: randomized control group pretest-posttest design.
*p<0.01, **p<0.05.